Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS)

Characteristics

Polio (poliomyelitis anterior acuta) is a viral infection, most often caused by the poliovirus. In most cases, the disease presents without symptoms or with mild flu-like complaints. However, in some cases, the virus affects specific cells in the spinal cord, leading to paralysis.

While some patients recover completely, others may experience varying degrees of permanent residual effects. Years later, individuals who previously had polio may develop Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS), a condition marked by new symptoms decades after the initial infection.

Prevalence and Disease Course

In 1957, vaccination against polio became available, significantly reducing its incidence in the Western world.

Among those who had polio, some develop PPS 15 to 40 years after the acute illness. New symptoms may include:

• Reduced muscle strength, sometimes in previously unaffected muscles
• Decreased endurance
• Unusual and rapid fatigue
• Muscle and/or joint pain
• Increased sensitivity to cold
• In rare cases, breathing and swallowing difficulties

Cause and Treatment

PPS symptoms are caused by the gradual loss of function in nerve fibers that had previously compensated for the damage caused by polio. Over time, these fibers lose their ability to maintain the connection between muscle fibers and the spinal cord. Chronic overuse of muscles and nerves is a significant contributing factor to PPS.

For individuals with PPS, avoiding intense physical activity and taking rest during periods of fatigue is crucial. Gentle, non-strenuous exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist can be beneficial, but it is important not to exceed one’s fatigue threshold. Managing PPS requires a balanced approach to maintain physical function without overloading the muscles and nerves.